Final answer:
The passage of shortwave and longwave energy through the atmosphere and water is an example of transmission, as it involves electromagnetic waves moving through different mediums without significant absorption or reflection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The passage of either shortwave and longwave energy through the atmosphere and water is an example of transmission. This involves the movement of electromagnetic waves, such as those from the Sun, that can travel through different mediums. When light travels from one medium to another, it can be transmitted, reflected, or absorbed, according to Essential Knowledge 6.E.1. However, given the options, transmission best describes the process where these waves, which include microwaves, infrared radiation, and visible light, propagate through the atmosphere without being absorbed or reflected significantly.