Final answer:
According to Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory, criminals adopt criminal behavior because they learn it from those close to them. This theory emphasizes the influence of social interactions and group learning on deviant behavior. Control theory, on the other hand, explains that crime results from a feeling of disconnection from society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sociological Theories on Criminal Behavior
According to the differential association theory by Edwin Sutherland, criminals adopt criminal behavior because they learn it from those close to them who provide models and opportunities for deviance. Sutherland believed that crime is a result of differential socialization processes and is less a personal choice. For example, a young person who has friends engaged in criminal activities is more likely to view criminal behavior as acceptable. This theory suggests that individuals learn deviant behavior through social interactions and group learning.
Another theory, known as control theory, explains that crime is a result of a feeling of disconnection from society. According to Travis Hirschi, individuals who have strong social bonds are less likely to commit crimes. These social bonds include attachment to others, commitment to the community, involvement in socially legitimate activities, and belief in common values. When individuals feel disconnected from society, they are more likely to engage in deviant behavior.