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_____ used the concept of "delinquent" to refer to social groups in society like gangs who reject middle-class norms and celebrate deviance as the norm?

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Final answer:

The concept of "delinquent" refers to social groups in society like gangs who reject middle-class norms and celebrate deviance as the norm.

Step-by-step explanation:

The concept of "delinquent" was used by researchers at the University of Chicago in the 1920s and 1930s who developed the social disorganization theory. According to this theory, social groups in society like gangs who reject middle-class norms and celebrate deviance as the norm are considered "delinquent". This theory suggests that crime is likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control.

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