Final answer:
The management function of controlling focuses on monitoring organizational performance, not directly on motivating workers. Theory X suggests employees must be directed and controlled, while Theory Y supports the idea of motivating employees through empowerment and responsibility. The goal of scientific management was to increase workers' efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The management function of controlling does not primarily involve inspiring and motivating workers; that's more aligned with the leadership aspect of management. Instead, controlling is the process of monitoring performance and taking action to ensure the desired results. In contrast, Theory X and Theory Y are concepts developed by Douglas McGregor which describe contrasting models of workforce motivation used in the management and organizational structure. Theory X contends that employees inherently dislike work and must be coerced, controlled, and directed towards organizational goals, usually through a system of rewards and punishments. On the other hand, Theory Y suggests employees are self-motivated and thrive on responsibility, and can be engaged with their work if provided with the right conditions. According to Theory Y, achievement of organizational goals comes through empowering employees, providing opportunities for creativity and development of individual skills.
To answer the review question: The goal of scientific management was a. to increase workers' efficiency. This management approach aimed at improving economic efficiency and labor productivity through careful analysis and synthesis of work flows.