Final answer:
Soil quality management is essential for sustainable agriculture and it often includes optimizing organic matter, avoiding excessive nutrient loads, and reducing tillage. High-quality soil supports biodiversity and is fundamental for biogeochemical cycles, underpinning robust ecosystem services. Option number 3 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Components of soil quality management include several practices, of which enhancing organic matter is crucial; adding massive nutrient loads or excessive tillage without context can be harmful. Synthetic fertilizers often contain high amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus because these elements are essential for plant growth
However, an excessive amount might lead to ecological disturbances such as eutrophication, where nutrient runoff causes excessive algae growth, which can harm aquatic ecosystems. Organic agricultural methods generally increase soil quality. Soil quality encompassing organic matter, inorganic material, water, and living organisms is vital for biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles because it fosters a healthy environment for life and nutrient cycles. Practices like minimal tillage and no-till farming protect soil integrity, help preserve moisture, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to sustainable agriculture.