Final answer:
Henry Mintzberg described the manager as the "nerve center" and "focal point," highlighting their role as key information coordinators and pivotal leaders within an organization, responsible for maintaining effective operations and influencing employee job satisfaction and career development.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Henry Mintzberg referred to the manager as the "nerve center" and the "focal point" in an organization, he recognized the critical role managers play in effective business operations. Managers are central to the flow of information, coordinating various aspects of the workplace, and ensuring that organizational objectives are achieved. This pivotal role is closely related to Mintzberg’s managerial functions, which include interpersonal relationships, information processing, and decision-making. Managers are also instrumental in influencing the job satisfaction and career growth of their subordinates by providing opportunities for skills development and by making crucial decisions about promotions and raises. Different theories in management, such as McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, emphasize various attributes and approaches that can affect an employee's work environment and productivity. Modern management approaches like the strengths-based management introduced by Donald Clifton suggest focusing on individuals' strengths to bolster performance and organizational success. As Mintzberg observed, a manager serves as the linchpin connecting various aspects of a company, embodying both the operational and strategic elements of the business structure.