Final answer:
Frederick Winslow Taylor is the scientific-management theorist who studied the motions of bricklayers to increase their productivity, and his methods formed the basis of scientific management, known as Taylorism. The correct answer is option 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scientific-management theorist who studied the motions of bricklayers and significantly increased their productivity was Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylor was an advocate of scientific management, which emphasized the efficiency of production processes through the elimination of unnecessary steps and the standardization of work tasks.
In line with scientific management principles, Taylor implemented time and motion studies that sought to reduce wasteful movements, a practice that later became known as Taylorism. By closely observing workers and breaking down their tasks into smaller segments, he was able to redesign work processes and improve productivity and effectiveness.
His methods, while often unpopular among workers due to the increased control they imposed, did lead to higher levels of output and were influential in shaping modern management practices.
The correct option for the question is (1) Frederick Winslow Taylor.