Final answer:
The relationship of individuals, their rights, and their property to the state is described by the concept of property rights and the social contract, which is supported by the theories of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. These rights are safeguarded by laws under a government that adheres to the rule of law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the relationship of individuals, their rights, and their property to the state is often encapsulated by the concept of property rights and the social contract. Notably, the theory of John Locke on property claims that in a state of nature, individuals have the right to self-ownership and can own property acquired through labor. As societies evolved and governments were formed, these rights became foundational to the establishment of laws and legal systems in which the rights of individuals are enshrined and protected.
Jean Jacques Rousseau also believed in a social contract between the people and their government, wherein individuals exchange some freedoms for protections provided by the state. Governments therefore are required to protect these rights, through maintaining order with laws and police protection, and preserve the property rights that are essential for economic transactions and growth. The implementation of freedoms within a society, as suggested by Locke and Rousseau, is aimed at establishing a government that protects individual rights, is bound by the rule of law, and provides a legal framework for property and contractual rights.