Question

Once you get below the level of the cortex, what structures, besides the ventromedial and lateral groups of descending neurons, contribute to movement? The book mentions three. What are they?

Answer 1

The structures besides the ventromedial and lateral groups of descending neurons that contribute to movement below the level of the cortex are the basal nuclei, dopaminergic neurons, and the corticospinal tract.

Step-by-step explanation:

The structures besides the ventromedial and lateral groups of descending neurons that contribute to movement once you get below the level of the cortex are the basal nuclei, the dopaminergic neurons, and the corticospinal tract.

1. The basal nuclei, which include the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus, are deep structures in the cerebrum that control movement.
2. Dopaminergic neurons, located in the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), have efferent connections that contribute to movement regulation in different pathways, such as the mesostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical pathways.
3. The corticospinal tract is a descending pathway that carries motor commands from the primary motor cortex to the skeletal muscles.