Final answer:
The short, medium, and long wavelength cones in our eyes support the Trichromatic theory of color vision, which is based on the primary colors of red, green, and blue and their corresponding types of cones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fact that we have short, medium and long wavelength cones that each respond to lights of different colors is most supportive of the Trichromatic theory of color vision. This theory posits that there are three primary colors—red, green, and blue—which correspond to the three types of cones in our eyes. These cones (S, M, and L for short, medium, and long wavelength respectively) are sensitive to specific wavelengths of light (420 nm, 530 nm, and 560 nm). Our perception of the full color spectrum is a result of the combinations of the inputs from these three types of cones.
Normal-sighted individuals can perceive a wide range of colors because these three cone types work together to mediate color vision. The Trichromatic theory explains how different combinations of the primary colors red, green, and blue can produce all the hues we perceive.