Final answer:
A stimulus is a physical event detected by sensory receptors, whereas perception is the brain's interpretation of these events. Sensory receptors undergo a process called transduction to convert stimuli to neural signals. Perception then organizes and interprets these signals, influenced by psychological factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
A stimulus is a physical event that a sensory receptor cell might detect, whereas a perception is the final interpretation of that physical event. Sensation occurs when these sensory receptors are activated by a stimulus. The receptor cells then undergo a process called transduction, converting the stimulus into electrical signals. On the other hand, perception is the process by which our brain organizes and interprets these electrical signals into meaningful patterns or experiences. Therefore, although perception depends on the initial sensation, not all sensations result in a conscious perception, as this also involves our memory, expectations, and attention.
In essence, a receptor is a cell or structure that detects sensory stimuli. Examples include transmembrane protein receptors in the taste buds that detect flavors, or photoreceptors in the eyes that detect light. A receptor detects the initial stimulus through reception and transduction, leading to a sensory neural signal. Perception, however, is influenced by various factors such as beliefs, prejudices, culture, and past experiences, which shape how the sensations are perceived and give them meaning.