Final answer:
Out of the given options, 'technology' is not included as one of the issues that need to be addressed in a supply chain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is related to the challenges faced in developing and sustaining an efficient and effective supply chain(s). Out of the given options, 'technology' is not included as one of the issues that need to be addressed. Complexity, inventory deployment, and inventory carrying costs are all important considerations when managing a supply chain.