Final answer:
The custodial arrangement where both parents have an equal say in their children's upbringing and children reside with one parent but see the other on a fixed schedule is known as joint custody.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jennifer and Joel's children reside with Joel and have a fixed schedule to see Jennifer, with both parents having an equal say in important decisions about their children's upbringing. This type of custodial arrangement is known as joint custody. In joint custody, children may live primarily with one parent or spend equal time with both, but the key factor is that both parents actively partake in the decision-making process regarding their children's lives. The goal of joint custody is often to maintain strong and active relationships with both parents, which has been shown to contribute positively to a child’s well-being after divorce. Notably, research indicates that children in joint arrangements tend to show less aggression and maturity, depending on whether they spend a significant amount of time with the parent of the same sex. Moreover, these arrangements can be part of the varied family life structures different from the traditional nuclear family, as societal norms and family dynamics evolve.