Final answer:
The correct answer is 1) fixed; changeable. This reflects the concept of a fixed mindset where traits are viewed as unalterable, leading to more black-and-white judgments of others, as opposed to a growth mindset that recognizes the potential for change and development in personality traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Children who believe that people's personality traits are fixed rather than changeable often judge others as either "good" or "bad". The correct answer to the provided question is: 1) fixed; changeable. This perspective is linked to the notion of mindset, where a “fixed mindset” assumes that traits and abilities are set and cannot be developed over time, leading to more categorical thinking about people. On the other hand, a “growth mindset”, which aligns with the idea that traits are malleable and can be developed, tends to enable a more nuanced understanding of others.
Understanding personality development involves recognizing the influence of both genetic factors (“nature”) and environmental factors (“nurture”). While temperament can be seen as an innate quality, manifesting early on in life and influenced by genetic predispositions, it is also subject to modification through life experiences, cultural context, and individual maturation.
Psychologists like the Eysencks have historically posited that biology largely governs personality. However, discussions on personality also consider environmental aspects and cultural influences, which suggest that personality is a complex interplay of both inherited traits and learned behaviors.