Final answer:
Harsh, insensitive reprimands from adults can lead to intense shame, which is particularly destructive, yielding both internalizing and externalizing problems for children. Therefore, the correct option is 3) shame.
Step-by-step explanation:
Harsh, insensitive reprimands from adults can lead to intense shame, which is particularly destructive, yielding both internalizing and externalizing problems for children. When children are publicly shamed by adults, they may feel embarrassed, humiliated, and unworthy. This can lead to negative self-perception, lack of self-confidence, and even psychological trauma.