Final answer:
The correct answer is 4) all of the above, indicating that the proposed educational reforms for student-athletes include admitting only those who can compete academically, making freshmen ineligible for varsity sports, and insisting on athletes making satisfactory progress toward a degree. The correct option is 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which of the following reforms for emphasizing the education of student-athletes are proposed in the text provided. The correct answer from the options listed is 4) all of the above.
This means that the text proposes that colleges should admit only student-athletes who can compete academically, freshmen should be ineligible for varsity sports to prioritize their academics, and colleges must ensure that athletes make satisfactory progress toward a degree.
These reforms signify a focus on ensuring that student-athletes prioritize their educational achievements alongside their athletic commitments. It aligns with the findings that college athletes tend to have better academic performances than their non-athlete peers, as they often have higher grades and are more likely to graduate on time. This refutes the stereotype that athletes barely pass their classes.