Final answer:
In cells, the ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum for modification, the Golgi apparatus for tagging, and vesicles for packaging and distribution of proteins. The correct sequence for protein processing and sorting within a cell involves these organelles coordinating to ensure proper protein formation and export.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelles that function in the collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules made in the cell include the ribosome where protein synthesis takes place, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where modification of proteins occurs, the Golgi apparatus which tags and modifies proteins further, and vesicles which are used for packaging and distribution. The correct route that a newly synthesized protein takes through the cell is as follows: it is synthesized on the ribosome, then it is modified in the endoplasmic reticulum, tagged in the Golgi apparatus, and finally distributed via vesicles.
This sequence ensures that proteins are properly synthesized, modified, and sorted for either export out of the cell or incorporation into the cell's own components. Specifically, proteins meant for export are typically synthesized on ribosomes bound to the rough ER, where initial modifications begin. The modified proteins are then sent to the Golgi apparatus for further processing and tagging to ensure they reach their correct destination. Finally, the proteins are packaged into vesicles that bud off the Golgi and are transported to the cell membrane for release outside the cell.