Final answer:
The crystal matrix of table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) is held together by ionic bonds, forming a simple cubic lattice structure. Each ion is coordinated by six ions of opposite charge, providing stability and strength to the crystal matrix.
Step-by-step explanation:
The crystal matrix of table salt, which is sodium chloride (NaCl), is held together by ionic bonds. Structurally, this type of crystal lattice is known as a simple cubic structure, where each ion is surrounded by six neighboring ions of the opposite charge. In the case of the rock-salt structure, each sodium (Na+) ion is surrounded by six chloride (Cl-) ions, and vice versa, signifying a (6:6) coordination.
When placed in water, water molecules, being polar, are attracted to the charged ions in the crystal lattice. The oxygen end of the water molecules, which is partially negative, is attracted to the positively charged sodium ions, while the hydrogen end, which is partially positive, is attracted to the negatively charged chloride ions. These attractions are what allow the polar water molecules to dissolve the table salt by taking apart the crystal lattice.
It's important to note that molecular crystals differ from ionic crystals like table salt. Molecular crystals are held together by weaker intermolecular forces and are typically lower in melting and boiling points, illustrating the strength and stability provided by the ionic bonds in the crystal matrix of substances like NaCl.