Final answer:
The Rescorla-Wagner (RW) model explains rules of association related to predicting an unconditioned stimulus based on a conditioned stimulus. It calculates the probability of learning an association based on the CS's ability to predict the UCS.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Rescorla-Wagner (RW) model can explain the rules of association that involve the prediction of an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) based on a conditioned stimulus (CS). This model calculates the probability of learning an association by considering the ability of the CS to predict the occurrence of the UCS. In the example given, Ari's association of feeling hungry before dinner at 6:00 is an example of the RW model, as the CS (time) reliably predicts the UCS (dinner). Soraya, on the other hand, would have a weaker association between time and dinner since the CS does not always predict the UCS.