Final answer:
Increasing systemic dopamine (DA) levels in humans can enhance learning to select stimuli that lead to positive outcomes, but it may not significantly affect learning for stimuli that do not lead to positive outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Causal evidence from humans suggests that increasing systemic dopamine (DA) levels leads to faster learning to select stimuli that lead to positive outcomes, but it does not significantly affect learning to select stimuli that do not lead to positive outcomes.
For example, if a student is rewarded with praise and good grades for studying, the increased DA levels may enhance their learning and motivation to study further. However, if there is no reward associated with a certain activity, the increase in DA levels may not necessarily improve learning for that activity.