Final answer:
The cortical brain regions that exhibit increased and decreased activity with salience are the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cortical brain regions that show increased and decreased activity with salience are the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe.
The frontal lobe is involved in cognitive functions like attention, speech, decision-making, personality, and socialization. The parietal lobe is responsible for processing touch sensations and proprioception, which is the sense of how body parts are oriented in space.