Final answer:
The RW model states that prediction error is the difference between the actual reward and the expected reward, which influences learning and behavior modification.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the Rescorla-Wagner (RW) model, prediction error (PE) is the difference between reward and expected reward. This model is a psychological theory of classical conditioning that deals with the strength of association between stimuli and responses.
The concept of prediction error is fundamental in understanding how an organism adjusts its expectations and behavior through learning. A positive prediction error occurs when the actual reward is greater than the expected reward, which can strengthen the association between a stimulus and a response. A negative prediction error happens when the actual reward is less than the expected reward, potentially weakening the association.