Question

If there is a reward predicted but no reward occurs, what happens?

1) DA neurons are inhibited at the time the reward is withheld
2) DA neurons are stimulated at the time the reward is withheld
3) Reward PE is positive
4) Reward PE is negative
5) Δ(t) = ___-___(___)

Answer 1

If there is a reward predicted but no reward occurs, then:
4) Reward PE is negative

Step-by-step explanation:

When there is a reward predicted but no reward occurs, the prediction error (PE) associated with the reward is negative. In the context of the brain's dopamine (DA) system, this negative prediction error indicates a discrepancy between what was expected and what actually happened. DA neurons are typically involved in encoding reward prediction errors, and a negative prediction error signifies that the outcome was worse than anticipated.

This can lead to a reduction in DA neuron firing, reflecting the brain's adjustment to the unexpected absence of the reward. This process is an important aspect of reinforcement learning and plays a role in updating expectations and behavior based on feedback from outcomes.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 4) Reward PE is negative