Final answer:
The cortical brain region in which activity increases and decreases with both value and salience is the prefrontal cortex. It is involved in processing and retaining information, understanding the meaning of words, cognition, attention, and regulating affect, neuroendocrine, and autonomic activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cortical brain region in which activity increases and decreases with both value and salience is the prefrontal cortex.
Research using brain scans, such as positron emission tomography (PET) scans, has shown that the prefrontal cortex is involved in processing and retaining information. Studies have found that there is increased activation in the left inferior prefrontal cortex during semantic tasks, which involve understanding the meaning of words. The prefrontal cortex is also implicated in cognition, attention, and regulating affect, neuroendocrine, and autonomic activities.
Key words: prefrontal cortex, value, salience, positron emission tomography, semantic tasks, cognition, attention, affect, neuroendocrine, autonomic activities