Final Answer:
The learning process described is known as Operant Conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Operant Conditioning is a psychological concept developed by B.F. Skinner, which involves the modification of behavior through reinforcement and punishment.
In this process, behavior is strengthened or weakened based on the consequences that follow it.
Reinforcement involves providing a reward to increase the likelihood of a behavior, while punishment involves applying a consequence to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.
Skinner introduced the concept of operant conditioning as a contrast to classical conditioning, emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior.
The key components of operant conditioning include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.
Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to strengthen a behavior, while negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to achieve the same effect.
On the other hand, positive punishment adds an aversive stimulus to weaken a behavior, and negative punishment removes a desirable stimulus for the same purpose.
Operant conditioning is widely used in various fields, including education, psychology, and behavior modification.
It plays a crucial role in understanding how behaviors are acquired, maintained, and extinguished, contributing significantly to the field of behaviorism and behavioral psychology.