Final answer:
Synaptic transmission is the process of transmitting information from one neuron to another through specialized structures called synapses. Dendrites receive synaptic inputs from other neurons and transmit the information through the neuron's cell body and axon. Chemical neurotransmitters facilitate this transmission.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process you are describing is called synaptic transmission. Synapses are the sites where information is transmitted from one neuron to another. Neurons have specialized structures called dendrites that receive synaptic inputs from other neurons and transmit this information through the neuron's cell body and along its axon to the next neuron. Chemical neurotransmitters are released at the synapse to facilitate this transmission of information.
For example, when an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron, activating it and allowing the information to be passed on to the next neuron in the network.