Final answer:
Photoreceptors known as rods and cones are along the periphery of the retina, with rods sensitive to light and motion but not color, while cones detect color under bright conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cells that are positioned along the periphery of the retina, that are sensitive to the light, can be activated by a single photon, and are sensitive to the color of light are known as photoreceptors, specifically the rods and cones. Rods are located in the outer edges of the retina and are highly sensitive to dim light, which makes them essential for peripheral and nighttime vision; however, rods do not detect color. On the other hand, cones are less sensitive to light but are responsible for color vision and work primarily under bright light conditions. There are three types of cones, each sensitive to different wavelengths corresponding to the colors red, green, and blue, respectively, which allows for the full spectrum of color vision.