Final answer:
The axon is the part of the neuron responsible for conveying nerve impulses to other neurons or cells, culminating at the synapse where neurotransmitter release enables communication between cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
An axon is the part of the neuron that conducts nerve impulses from other neurons so that information can travel through it and onto the next neuron. The axon is a long, thin extension of the cell body and plays a crucial role in transmitting nerve impulses away from the cell body and toward other cells. Notably, an axon can be covered in a myelin sheath, which helps to insulate and speed the transmission of nerve impulses along the axon. At the end of the axon, there are multiple axon terminals, which are the points where the neuron communicates with other neurons often through the dendrites or other cells such as muscles or glands. This communication occurs at a specialized junction called a synapse, where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals across the gap to the next cell.