Question

Photoreceptors are _______ by light and release _______ glutamate. Off bipolar cells are _______ by glutamate, receiving _______ from photoreceptors. Therefore, off bipolar cells are _______ depolarized and exhibit _______ in voltage.

Answer 1

Photoreceptors in the retina are continuously active even in the absence of light. When exposed to light, the photoreceptors become hyperpolarized and remove their inhibition on bipolar cells, leading to the activation of bipolar cells and stimulation of ganglion cells.

Step-by-step explanation:

Photoreceptors in the retina continuously undergo tonic activity, making them slightly active even in the absence of light. In the absence of light, bipolar neurons that connect photoreceptors to ganglion cells are actively inhibited by the photoreceptors. When exposed to light, the photoreceptors become hyperpolarized and remove their inhibition on bipolar cells. This leads to the activation of bipolar cells, which then stimulate ganglion cells.