Final answer:
Place cells track different positions by firing more strongly or frequently when an individual is in a specific location. These cells create a cognitive map of the surroundings, allowing for accurate navigation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Place cells are a type of neurons found in the hippocampus region of the brain, which is responsible for learning and memory. These cells are known to track different positions by firing more strongly or more frequently when an individual is in a specific location or environment. The firing pattern of place cells creates a cognitive map of the surroundings, allowing for accurate navigation.
For example, imagine you are exploring a maze. As you move through different areas, specific place cells will become active, signaling your position in the maze. The firing pattern of these cells will be unique to each location, allowing you to navigate the maze and remember different paths.
Research has shown that place cells can track positions even when physical movement is not involved. In one study, rats were placed on a rotating platform, causing their perceived position to change. Despite the rotation, the place cells accurately encoded the rat's perceived position, demonstrating that place cells rely on cognitive rather than sensory cues.