Final answer:
Certain cells in the nervous system obey an allocentric frame of reference, enabling the integration of sensory inputs to create a cognitive map of the environment, which is fundamental for spatial navigation and memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cells that obey an allocentric frame of reference are certain cells in the nervous system that are responsible for spatial processing and Navigation. Allocentric frame of reference refers to a viewpoint that is independent of one's current location or orientation; it's considered in contrast to an egocentric frame of reference, which is centered on the individual's own position. For example, while navigational cues might be initially processed in a more egocentric manner, such as when a person orientates towards objects in their immediate vicinity, allocentric references involve the recognition of locations and objects regardless of one's immediate presence or direction of facing. It is distinct because it involves spatial orientation based on the environment's layout, rather than on personal data like the direction one is facing. The cells that operate on an allocentric frame of reference can integrate information from various sensory inputs to build a cognitive map of the environment surrounding the individual. This ability is critical for tasks such as recalling the location of objects in one's environment, even if that environment is no longer within the individual's sensory field. These cells require external activation for persistent function, which is related to the neuroplasticity observed during early development stages.
When considering reference frames from a physics standpoint, such as those used when observing movement or explaining dynamics, such as in a car or on a merry-go-round, the principles laid out are related. Here, different frames of reference can significantly alter the perception and description of movement and forces involved.