Final answer:
Pitch is perceived as the frequency of a sound wave, whereas loudness is related to sound amplitude, measured in phons. Timbre, which is the quality distinguishing different sounds with the same pitch and loudness, is affected by the interplay of several attributes of sound waves.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between pitch and frequency is similar to the relationship between loudness and sound amplitude. Pitch is the perception of the frequency of a sound wave, meaning a sound with a higher frequency is perceived as having a higher pitch, and vice versa. In comparison, loudness is the perception of the intensity of a sound wave, which is measured in units called phons. Loudness corresponds to the amplitude of the sound wave, with greater amplitudes perceived as louder sounds. On the other hand, timbre is the quality of a sound that distinguishes it from other sounds, even if they have the same pitch and loudness. Timbre is affected by the complex interplay of frequency, amplitude, and timing of sound waves and is more subjective than pitch or loudness.