Final answer:
Motor proteins associated with microtubules drive the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
Step-by-step explanation:
The separation of chromosomes during cell division is driven by motor proteins associated with microtubules. Specifically, dynein, a motor protein attached to microtubules, catalyzes ATP hydrolysis to power microtubule sliding. Dynein motors on the microtubules walk along overlapping microtubules from the opposite pole of the cell, pushing apart the chromosomes and separating them to opposite ends of the dividing cell.