Final answer:
Complementation will not occur with a P generation cross of AABB x AABB since both parents possess dominant alleles and there are no recessive alleles to complement. The genotypic ratio expected from a cross of Aa individuals is 1:2:1, with a phenotypic ratio of 3:1, reflecting the dominance of allele A.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering a cross of P generation organisms with the genotype AABB x AABB, no complementation will occur because both parents are homozygous for the dominant alleles at each locus. Complementation usually refers to a test in genetics where two strains of an organism with different homozygous recessive mutations that produce the same phenotype (such as aabb) are crossed. The offspring would reinstate a wild-type phenotype if the mutations complement each other, meaning they occur in different genes. However, in this scenario, since both parents carry dominant alleles (AA and BB), all offspring will also carry the dominant alleles, resulting in a uniformly dominant phenotype.
Addressing the reference question on a cross between Aa individuals, the genotypic ratio in the next generation would be 1:2:1 for AA:Aa:aa. These proportions reflect Mendelian inheritance patterns where alleles segregate independently. For the phenotypic ratio, because A is dominant, the result would be 3:1, where 3 parts exhibit the dominant phenotype and 1 part exhibits the recessive phenotype. Hence, these Mendelian ratios are expected unless there is linkage or epistasis altering the expected outcomes.