Final answer:
George and Whitehouse do not provide clear empirical support for brain fitness training programs' efficacy in significantly improving brain health, whereas research affirms the sustained benefits of aerobic exercise on cognitive function and brain structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to George and Whitehouse, there isn't clear empirical support suggesting that brain fitness training programs significantly improve brain health to a great extent.
However, a vast amount of research indicates that aerobic exercise has persistent improvements on cognitive functions and brain structure.
This includes increased neuron growth, improved stress coping, and enhanced cognitive control of behavior. Aerobic activities like running, jogging, and swimming have been associated with higher scores on cognitive function tests and better memory performance.
Such physical activities also have temporary benefits on executive functions, such as attention and problem solving, for a period following the exercise.