Final answer:
The correct answer is 3) Presence of parliamentary sovereignty. Federalism can potentially have negative effects such as differences in regional development, increase in ethnic tensions, and increase in regionalism. However, parliamentary sovereignty is not a negative effect of federalism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is 3) Presence of parliamentary sovereignty.
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central government and regional governments. While federalism has many advantages, such as promoting political participation and accommodating diversity of opinion, there are also potential negative effects.
Differences in regional development can occur under federalism, as each region has varying levels of resources and economic opportunities. Increase in ethnic tensions can also be a negative effect, as different regions may have conflicting interests or historical divisions.
Increase in regionalism is another potential negative effect of federalism, as it can lead to a focus on regional interests over national unity. However, parliamentary sovereignty is not a negative effect of federalism but rather a concept related to the supremacy of a parliament in a unitary system, where power is concentrated in the national government rather than divided between levels of government.