Final answer:
Authoritarian persistence can be demonstrated through the persistence of a single regime or the substitution of one regime for another.
Step-by-step explanation:
Authoritarian persistence can be demonstrated by both a) the persistence of a single authoritarian regime and b) the substitution of one authoritarian regime for another.
For example, in mid-20th-century Portugal, António Salazar ruled as the authoritarian prime minister from 1932 to 1968, creating a state with limited economic and personal freedoms. Similarly, in recent years, Egypt experienced a transition from one authoritarian leader, Hosni Mubarak, to another, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who seized power amid protests.