Final answer:
The United States is the country among the provided options that has a federal system of government, which allows for both national and state governments to have separate authority.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the provided options, the United States has a federal system of government. In a federal system, there is a division of powers between the national government and the subnational governments, such as states. In the American federal system, for instance, both the national government and the state governments have their own spheres of authority. Federal laws are influenced by state interests, especially in the U.S. Senate, where states have equal representation regardless of their population.
Moreover, federations are often suitable for countries with multi-ethnic or multi-national compositions, providing political autonomy to regional ethnic groups or nationalities within the country. Contrastingly, countries like France and the United Kingdom have unitary systems where central control is more pronounced and local governments are weaker.