Final answer:
The genus Paranthropus consists of extinct hominids with strong physiques and large teeth adapted for a vegetarian diet. Key species include P. robustus, P. aethiopicus, and P. boisei. Although robust, they are not direct ancestors of modern humans and went extinct over one million years ago.
Step-by-step explanation:
The genus Paranthropus represents a group of hominids that diverged from the line leading to modern humans. These hominids were characterized by a strong, muscular build, standing between 1.3 to 1.4 meters tall, and were equipped with large grinding teeth suitable for a coarse and fibrous vegetarian diet. The genus includes Paranthropus robustus, found in South Africa, as well as Paranthropus aethiopicus and Paranthropus boisei, both discovered in East Africa. These species demonstrate a distinctive morphology with features such as a sagittal crest, a sign of powerful jaw muscles, and flared zygomatic arches, which coincide with their heavy molar wear and suggest a diet of hard nuts and seeds. Despite their robust nature, these hominids are not considered to be direct ancestors of modern humans.
It is worth noting that Paranthropus aethiopicus also referred to as the "black skull," has characteristics that are intermediary between the robust and gracile australopithecines. This species, along with others in the genus Paranthropus, went extinct more than one million years ago. They represent an evolutionary branch that has not left any descendants in the modern human lineage.
The study of the genus Paranthropus helps scientists understand the diversity of the hominin family tree and provides essential clues about the adaptations and diets of our ancient relatives.