Final answer:
The pluripotent stem cell that gives rise to all blood cells is the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), also known as a hemocytoblast. It is found in the bone marrow and can differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, encompassing all blood cell types.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pluripotent stem cell that gives rise to all blood cells is the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). These cells are crucial in the process of hematopoiesis, which takes place in the bone marrow and is responsible for producing all the formed elements of the blood. Hematopoietic stem cells can give rise to both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, which include all varieties of blood cells such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. It is through mitosis and cytokinesis that one daughter cell remains a stem cell, while the other can differentiate into any number of diverse blood cell types.
Key Levels of Stem Cell Hierarchy:
- Totipotent stem cell - The zygote or fertilized egg, capable of giving rise to all cells of the human body.
- Pluripotent stem cell - Can give rise to multiple types of cells of the body and some fetal membranes.
- Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) - A type of pluripotent stem cell, specifically gives rise to all formed elements of blood (hemocytoblast).