Final answer:
Ecological studies must address events on all spatial and temporal scales in order to be valid.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement among the given options is 1) Ecological studies must address events on all spatial and temporal scales in order to be valid.
Ecological studies aim to understand the interactions between organisms and their environment at different levels of organization, including organismal, population, community, and ecosystem levels. Each level provides valuable insights into how ecological processes operate and how organisms are influenced by their surroundings. Therefore, to fully comprehend ecological phenomena, researchers must address events on various spatial and temporal scales. This allows for a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the complexities of ecological systems.