Final answer:
Nora's diagnosis of sarcopenia signifies a normal, age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, leading to muscle atrophy and decreased strength. Exercise can mitigate some effects of sarcopenia by improving muscle condition and function.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nora has been diagnosed with sarcopenia, which refers to a condition experienced in later adulthood characterized by a gradual decrease in the ability to maintain skeletal muscle mass. Sarcopenia is not a disease but a normal aspect of ageing.
Factors contributing to sarcopenia include the possible failure of satellite cells responsible for regenerating skeletal muscle fibers and a decrease in sensitivity to secreted growth factors necessary for maintaining muscle mass and satellite cell survival. Muscle atrophy is a common consequence and contributes to a decrease in muscle strength.
To combat sarcopenia, interventions such as exercise can be beneficial. This can lead to increases in structural proteins, cellular mitochondria, and capillary density, which collectively help offset the effects of muscle atrophy.
Without such proactive measures, individuals may experience functional impairments, including trouble with locomotion, balance, and posture, and a heightened risk of injuries due to falls.