Final answer:
To experience complex emotions such as shame and pride, the development of consciousness, reasoning, and the biological processing of emotions within the limbic system are required.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability to experience emotions such as shame and pride requires the development of several cognitive and emotional capacities.
These include consciousness, which is the capacity to feel pain and be aware of one's existence, and reasoning, the developed capacity to solve complex problems, among other abilities. Understanding emotions also involves the biology of emotions, where parts of the brain such as the limbic system—including the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus—play a role in processing and regulating emotions.
Recognition and production of facial expressions of emotions are said to be universal, which indicates a deep biological underpinning, although cultural display rules can modulate this expression.