Question

The statement, "Members of society create deviance by defining certain behaviors as deviant," most closely reflects?

1) Social norms
2) Social control
3) Labeling theory
4) Cultural relativism

Answer 1

The statement provided reflects the Labeling theory, which posits that deviance is socially constructed through the application of labels by society. The correct option is 3.

Step-by-step explanation:

The statement, "Members of society create deviance by defining certain behaviors as deviant," most closely reflects the Labeling theory. This theory suggests that deviance is not inherent in any particular behavior, but is instead the result of the labels society attaches to certain behaviors.

According to Labeling theory, individuals become identified as deviant when others—such as peers, authorities, or the public—impose definitions and sanctions upon them. Over time, these individuals may come to recognize themselves as deviant, often leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy where the label shapes their identity and behaviors.

Within social studies, deviance is understood as a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms. This concept acknowledges that what is considered deviant can differ between cultures and can change over time. Social responses and sanctions, whether formal (like laws and penalties) or informal (like ostracism or disapproval), play a significant role in enforcing social norms and thus in defining deviance.

Hence, Option 3 is correct.