Final answer:
The study of the id, ego, and superego, the Oedipus complex, and concepts of repression are part of psychoanalytic psychology, which was developed by Sigmund Freud. These concepts explained the dynamics of the personality and unconscious motivations, although many of Freud's specific ideas are no longer accepted in modern psychology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ideas of the id, ego, and superego, the concept of the Oedipus complex, and theories pertaining to repression are foundational in the study of psychology, specifically psychoanalytic theory advanced by Sigmund Freud. Freud proposed the personality as comprising three elements: the id, which operates on the pleasure principle seeking immediate gratification; the ego, which navigates between id impulses and the constraints of reality; and the superego, which internalizes societal norms and morals. Concepts such as repression and the Oedipus complex elucidate the complex interplay of unconscious motivations and our interactions with the external world.
Freud's theory explains that our personality develops from the interplay of these forces: biological drives for pleasure and aggression versus internalized social controls over these urges. The ego's job is to mediate between the instinctual desires of the id, the moral judgment of the superego, and the demands of reality. While modern research has challenged many aspects of Freud's theories, his foundational ideas surrounding the unconscious mind and the stages of psychosexual development have significantly influenced the field of psychology and many other Neo-Freudians like Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney.