Final answer:
A Denial of Service (DoS) attack is a type of computer virus that replicates itself on disks, in memory, and across networks, and uses computing resources to shut down the system by denying access to these resources to others.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of computer virus that replicates itself on disks, in memory, and across networks, and uses computing resources to deny access to these resources to others, effectively shutting down the system, is called a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. A DoS attack floods a target system with excessive traffic or requests, making it unable to handle legitimate user requests. This type of attack aims to disrupt the availability of a system or network rather than gain unauthorized access or steal information.