Final answer:
The process mentioned is encryption, a computer security method that uses algorithms and keys to protect data, ensuring it is readable only by authorized individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding information. This process converts the original representation of the information, known as plaintext, into an alternative form known as ciphertext. Ideally, only authorized parties can decipher a ciphertext back to plaintext and access the original information. Encryption does not itself prevent interference but denies the intelligible content to a would-be interceptor.
The process described in the question refers to encryption, which is a method used in computer security to protect information. Encryption utilizes mathematical algorithms and keys to transform readable data into a scrambled format that is not easily decipherable. This ensures that the data remains private and can only be accessed or read by individuals who have the appropriate decryption key. Common types of encryption include symmetric and asymmetric techniques, with uses ranging from securing emails to protecting sensitive data in databases.