Final answer:
The latissimus dorsi muscle originates on the thoracolumbar/dorsolumbar fascia and is responsible for extending, adducting, and medially rotating the arm. It is one of the largest muscles in the back and acts on the upper limb.
Step-by-step explanation:
The muscle that has its origin on the thoracolumbar/dorsolumbar fascia is the latissimus dorsi. This muscle is one of the largest in the back and its main functions are to extend, adduct, and medially rotate the arm. The thoracolumbar fascia is a deep fascia covering the deep muscles of the back and abdomen. The latissimus dorsi is part of the musculature of the upper limb, despite being located in the back, because it acts directly on the humerus.
The erector spinae is another group of muscles that is supported by the thoracolumbar fascia. It is not to be confused with the latissimus dorsi; the erector spinae group helps to extend and laterally flex the vertebral column. This group includes the iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles which correspond to different regions of the back.