Final answer:
The biceps brachii originates on the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and is responsible for flexing the elbow and supinating the forearm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The muscle that originates on the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula is the biceps brachii. This muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow and supinating the forearm. It is a two-headed muscle, with the short head also attaching to the coracoid process of the scapula, while the long head originates specifically at the supraglenoid tubercle, traveling through the intertubercular groove of the humerus before inserting on the radial tuberosity.