Final answer:
The modern idea that the mind is the result of brain activity can be traced to neuroscience. The mind-body problem, a central concern in metaphysics, explores the relationship between the brain and conscious awareness. Physicalism is a view that explains mental activities in terms of the brain.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the modern view, the idea that the subjective experience of having a mind is the result of brain activity can be traced to the field of neuroscience. Neuroscientists study the brain and its processes to understand how it is connected to our thoughts, emotions, and consciousness. Benjamin Libet's experiments, for example, suggest that our actions and decisions are influenced and determined by the brain.
Furthermore, the mind-body problem, which is the problem of understanding the relationship between the brain and conscious awareness, has been a central concern in metaphysics. While some philosophers argue that the mind is just a label for certain brain activities, others believe that the mind is something separate from the brain. Nonetheless, psychology and cognitive science provide resources to help us understand the behaviors of the brain.
One solution to the mind-body problem is physicalism, which explains mental activities in terms of the brain and assumes that there are no separate non-physical entities like minds. In this view, the mind is seen as a product of brain activity. Research in neuroscience and biology has also shown that memories, emotions, and thoughts can all be located in physical entities in the brain.